P. 60
心陽與心陰主要是指心臟生理活動的對立統一的兩個方面。
心陽: 指心臟的脈動有力, 氣血運行流暢, 精神活動興奮的一個方面;
心陰: 指心臟的搏動均勻和緩, 精神活動安靜的一個方面。
心陰與心陽之間互相制約、互相協調, 使心臟有規律的搏動, 進行正常的生理活動。這種相互制約、協調需要在心氣與心血的旺盛與充盈的情況下, 才能順利進行。
如果心的氣血不足 (虛), 就有可能導致心的陰陽偏虛,
陽虛則寒, 陰虛則熱,
因此又有「虛寒」與「虛熱」的不同症狀, 必須仔細加以辨別。
台灣人赴英 3/03 起免簽證
〔自由時報 2009/02/09 駐歐洲特派記者胡蕙寧 倫敦九日報導〕
原始新聞連結
英國內政部長在九日提交國會的書面聲明中說，決定給予台灣民眾自今年三月三日起前往英國不逾六個月之非工作性質免簽證待遇。台灣是英國此次內政檢討中唯一新增適用免簽證訪英的國家，國人未來赴英將因此節省數千至上萬元台幣的簽證申請費。
可省數千至萬元簽證費
該聲明為英國政府自二○○七年三月以來，針對歐洲經濟體以外國家與地區的國民訪英簽證所進行之「首次簽證制度全球檢討」的最終決定，結果顯示，台灣對英國之移民管制係低風險國家，訪英國停留不逾六個月且非赴英工作之台灣護照持有者，自今年三月三日起即可免除申請訪英簽證。
據統計，英方發給我國人的觀光簽證數量在二○○六年為一萬五千三百二十一件，二○○七年為一萬二千九百一十件；近年來我國人赴英觀光人數每年約四萬人。目前英國國民訪台可享有停留卅天的免簽證待遇。
目前全球共有超過一百個國家、約四分之三的人口，仍需申請觀光簽證方得訪英。至於目前給予台灣免簽證的國家則包括日本、南韓、新加坡等數十國。其中，日本是在二○○五年八月期間先後由眾院、參院通過永久免除台灣觀光客簽證的出入國暨難民法特例法案，並在同年九月廿六日生效實施。
Taiwan wins inclusion in UK's visa-waiver program
Original News Link
By Jenny W. Hsu, STAFF REPORTER, Wednesday, Feb 11, 2009
“Lifting the visa requirement for stays of less than six months will help to build on that to the benefit of both British and Taiwanese people.”
— David Campbell, British Trade and Cultural Office director
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs yesterday welcomed Taiwan’s inclusion in the UK’s six-month visa-waiver program and said the government was considering reciprocating the offer.
The UK is the 31st county to grant Taiwanese visa-free privilege. Other countries include some of Taiwan’s allies and a few non-allies such as South Korea, Singapore and Japan.
The British Trade and Cultural Office (BTCO) said yesterday that starting on March 3, Republic of China (ROC) passport holders who wish to visit the UK for less than six months for business or tourism purposes, family visits or as students and who won’t be working there will no longer require a visa.
“Britain enjoys strong commercial and cultural ties with Taiwan,” BTCO’s new director David Campbell said. “Lifting the visa requirement for stays of less than six months will help to build on that to the benefit of both British and Taiwanese people.”
“We believe Taiwan’s inclusion in the visa-waiver program will encourage more Taiwanese tourists to visit Britain and help promote more exchanges among the two peoples,” Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs David Lin (林永樂) said.
The UK made the decision after it concluded that Taiwan had satisfied all the criteria required by the UK Border Agency based on a worldwide review of regime carried out in 2007 and last year.
In his farewell press conference last month, former BTCO director Michael Reilly said London’s “only real area of concern” on admitting Taiwan to the visa-waiver program was the massive migration of Chinese illegal aliens into the UK, saying such privilege could encourage the Chinese use to use ROC passports to smuggle people into the UK.
“The problem of fraudulent documentation or false documentation is a problem around the world. How we address that is to have very close links with migration authorities around the world and that certainly includes Taiwan,” Campbell said, adding that the UK enjoys close and regular contacts with Taiwanese authorities and that those ties would be further cemented in the future.
Asked if London is worried that ROC passports might become an attractive tool for smuggling rings, Campbell said: “I am aware that in recent months, Taiwan has undertaken a number of developments and it is certainly a shared interest around the world to try and combat misuse of documentation.”
“We are confident that with those expert contacts we have that risks such as that can be managed,” he said.
Bureau of Consular Affairs Chief Lo Yu-chung (羅由中) said the announcement showed that London appreciated Taiwan’s issuance of electronic passports. Lu urged other countries to follow the UK’s lead.
BTCO said Taiwanese visiting the UK under the visa-waiver program still had to satisfy authorities at their port of entry that they meet the UK’s admission requirements and must have with them supporting documents such as return flight tickets, evidence of funding, letters from sponsors or the businesses they are visiting, or the school they plan to study at.
The BTCO received more than 28,000 visa applications last year.
獨角鯨北極破冰遷徙 首度曝光
中時電子報 2009/02/09 記者潘勛 綜合報導
原始新聞連結
北極圈稀奇動物「獨角鯨」，會在春天冰層融化時，成群遷徙覓食。「英國廣播公司」（BBC） 最近拍攝節目時，捕捉到這種珍貴畫面，讓世人更加了解獨角鯨。專家表示，地球暖化，北極圈生態丕變，對獨角鯨存活影響之大，只怕更甚於對北極熊。
BBC 拍攝《自然大事件》（Nature's Great Events）節目時，由空中拍攝到成群的獨角鯨，由冰層的窄窄間隙尋路而過，進行危險的春季遷徙，牠們自格陵蘭島西岸首途向北，去尋找食物。
英國《每日電訊報》七日報導，科學界從事的新研究也指出，北極圈氣候發生變化，獨角鯨的適應力恐怕比北極熊還差；若沒有冰層遮蔽，獨角鯨要對付掠食者以及其他鯨類的競爭，便更為能無力。
美國西雅圖「華盛頓大學」極圈生物學家賴德表示，獨角鯨生存的地點十分偏遠，所以要進行研究很困難，科學界仍不清楚牠們是如何勉力找到冰層中的破孔；北極冰層每一年裂開的方式都不盡相同，但獨角鯨卻能算準遷徙的時機。
獨角鯨組成團隊，成為向北遷徙的先鋒；隨著春季溫度漸漸上升，和風開始吹裂遼闊的海上冰層，獨角鯨便到達牠們夏日的覓食場地，即加拿大努勒維特省蘭開斯特海峽（Lancaster Sound）的海灣與峽灣。
目前有數千頭獨角鯨正踏上年度之旅，沿著海冰的窄窄渠道而行，牠們以廿隻或卅隻為團隊，隊形完美，偶爾浮上表面呼吸空氣。偶爾渠道凍住，獨角鯨群只好更往前游，找尋開孔處，不然就會溺死。
獨角鯨突出的尖刺，其實不是頭上的角，而是嘴中太長的門牙，每根長牙可賣到數千英鎊，據說前英國女王伊莉莎白一世便花了一大筆錢，買得一根，作為權杖。
新聞中的古生物學家是 Philip D. Gingerich, 原始的論文是發表在 PLoS ONE 的一篇科學論文: New Protocetid Whale from the Middle Eocene of Pakistan: Birth on Land, Precocial Development, and Sexual Dimorphism。鯨魚曾是兩棲動物
中廣新聞網 2009/02/04
原始新聞連結
美國科學家說，鯨魚以前是兩棲動物，在陸地上生產，在海裡生活。
密西根大學古生物學家「金哲瑞企」說，九年前研究人員在巴基斯坦「昆維」地區發現了一條懷了身孕的鯨魚化石。五年前，他們又在同一個地方發現了一個完整的公鯨魚化石。這條公鯨魚身長兩百五十公分。
「金哲瑞企」說，這條母鯨魚是四千七百五十萬年前死在陸地上的，當時，已經懷有身孕，子宮裡有一個胎兒。這也是科學家第一次在早期的鯨魚子宮裡發現胎兒。
他們發現這個有一百二十公分長的胎兒，即將出生。而這個胎兒跟多數哺乳動物一樣，出生的時候頭朝前方。「金哲瑞企」說，從這一點來看，鯨魚當時還沒完全演化成水生動物。他們都是到陸上生產以後再回到海裡生活的兩棲動物。
