王建民首勝的當天下午兩點多, 我在台南火車站拿到這張號外!
這可是台灣人民等了兩年多的勝利耶! (August 10, 2011)
Wednesday, August 17, 2011
Tuesday, August 02, 2011
Sunday, July 17, 2011
Book: 微積分之旅
早上終於把這本放在床頭很久很久的書看完了。
微積分基本定理果然是現代科學的最重要的基石呀!
書中的第25章 在生者與死者之間 對於微積分基本定理的描述實在是太精采了, 是一般微積分教科書所遠遠不及的。其中, 把微分與積分之間的關聯, 用蝴蝶與毛毛蟲做為例子來類比, 真是妙呀！
Thursday, July 14, 2011
News: 獨角仙登場 樹林大同山 蟲蟲世界
自由時報 2011-07-14 記者謝佳君 新北報導 原始新聞連結
注意！新北市樹林區大同山有獨角仙出沒！時序進入獨角仙求偶、交配季節，大同山青龍嶺白雞油樹上，最近可以看到許多獨角仙活動的身影，在炎炎夏日增添朝氣與活力；但專家提醒，民眾來到山上只要觀賞就好，切忌捕捉，才能讓獨角仙長久繁衍，自然生態永續發展。
大約六月中、下旬，樹林大同山青龍嶺的白雞油樹上，就可以看見數隻黝黑發亮、身形飽滿壯碩、昂揚巨角的獨角仙，沿著當地店家「巧味土雞城」走，一旁白雞油樹上，數量更是多。
曾服務於林務局及在陽明山國家公園擔任生態解說員、樹林國小校長葉振翼說，每年大約暑假期間，是獨角仙覓食、求偶交配的時節，而白雞油樹又名光臘樹，其汁液微甜，因此，獨角仙經常棲息於上，有時也可以看到鍬形蟲。
葉振翼說，獨角仙通常於夜間行動，加上其趨光性，晚上八至十點，在白雞油樹或光亮處，可以看見更多的獨角仙；大概至九月，數量就會開始減少。
除了提醒民眾，到山上看獨角仙時，要注意蜜蜂或鍬形蟲也可能在白雞油樹上覓食，並慎防蛇出沒，最重要的是千萬不要捕捉獨角仙。
葉振翼說，由於台灣的獨角仙又大又漂亮，許多人常趁此時大量捕捉販賣，甚至被民眾把玩而一命嗚呼，造成現在獨角仙數量銳減。
葉振翼鼓勵民眾把握機會，到山上走一遭，在這個戶外自然教室來一趟生態之旅，但他提醒，只可遠觀，不要褻玩，也呼籲政府，應將獨角仙列為保育物種，禁止販賣，避免引發生態危機，也讓後代子孫都能看到這樣美麗的甲蟲。
真的很巧, 傍晚回家時, 在銘傳 AA 棟外細葉欖仁樹上發現的獨角仙雌蟲。 (July 14, 2011)
注意！新北市樹林區大同山有獨角仙出沒！時序進入獨角仙求偶、交配季節，大同山青龍嶺白雞油樹上，最近可以看到許多獨角仙活動的身影，在炎炎夏日增添朝氣與活力；但專家提醒，民眾來到山上只要觀賞就好，切忌捕捉，才能讓獨角仙長久繁衍，自然生態永續發展。
大約六月中、下旬，樹林大同山青龍嶺的白雞油樹上，就可以看見數隻黝黑發亮、身形飽滿壯碩、昂揚巨角的獨角仙，沿著當地店家「巧味土雞城」走，一旁白雞油樹上，數量更是多。
曾服務於林務局及在陽明山國家公園擔任生態解說員、樹林國小校長葉振翼說，每年大約暑假期間，是獨角仙覓食、求偶交配的時節，而白雞油樹又名光臘樹，其汁液微甜，因此，獨角仙經常棲息於上，有時也可以看到鍬形蟲。
葉振翼說，獨角仙通常於夜間行動，加上其趨光性，晚上八至十點，在白雞油樹或光亮處，可以看見更多的獨角仙；大概至九月，數量就會開始減少。
除了提醒民眾，到山上看獨角仙時，要注意蜜蜂或鍬形蟲也可能在白雞油樹上覓食，並慎防蛇出沒，最重要的是千萬不要捕捉獨角仙。
葉振翼說，由於台灣的獨角仙又大又漂亮，許多人常趁此時大量捕捉販賣，甚至被民眾把玩而一命嗚呼，造成現在獨角仙數量銳減。
葉振翼鼓勵民眾把握機會，到山上走一遭，在這個戶外自然教室來一趟生態之旅，但他提醒，只可遠觀，不要褻玩，也呼籲政府，應將獨角仙列為保育物種，禁止販賣，避免引發生態危機，也讓後代子孫都能看到這樣美麗的甲蟲。
真的很巧, 傍晚回家時, 在銘傳 AA 棟外細葉欖仁樹上發現的獨角仙雌蟲。 (July 14, 2011)
Saturday, July 02, 2011
Friday, February 11, 2011
Friday, January 28, 2011
News: Nonfiction: Nabokov Theory on Butterfly Evolution Is Vindicated
New York Times
By CARL ZIMMER
Published: January 25, 2011
A male Acmon blue butterfly (Icaricia acmon). Vladimir Nabokov described the Icaricia genus in 1944. In a speculative moment in 1945, he came up with a sweeping hypothesis for the evolution the group of butterflies known as the Polyommatus blues, and 65 years later, DNA analysis has proved it correct.
Vladimir Nabokov may be known to most people as the author of classic novels like “Lolita” and “Pale Fire.” But even as he was writing those books, Nabokov had a parallel existence as a self-taught expert on butterflies.
He was the curator of lepidoptera at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, and collected the insects across the United States. He published detailed descriptions of hundreds of species. And in a speculative moment in 1945, he came up with a sweeping hypothesis for the evolution of the butterflies he studied, a group known as the Polyommatus blues. He envisioned them coming to the New World from Asia over millions of years in a series of waves.
Few professional lepidopterists took these ideas seriously during Nabokov’s lifetime. But in the years since his death in 1977, his scientific reputation has grown. And over the past 10 years, a team of scientists has been applying gene-sequencing technology to his hypothesis about how Polyommatus blues evolved. On Tuesday in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, they reported that Nabokov was absolutely right.
“It’s really quite a marvel,” said Naomi Pierce of Harvard, a co-author of the paper.
A male Andean blue butterfly (Madeleinea koa). A new study shows that the ancestors of this species colonized the New World from Asia via Beringia 11 million years ago.
Nabokov inherited his passion for butterflies from his parents. When his father was imprisoned by the Russian authorities for his political activities, the 8-year-old Vladimir brought a butterfly to his cell as a gift. As a teenager, Nabokov went on butterfly-hunting expeditions and carefully described the specimens he caught, imitating the scientific journals he read in his spare time. Had it not been for the Russian Revolution, which forced his family into exile in 1919, Nabokov said that he might have become a full-time lepidopterist.
In his European exile, Nabokov visited butterfly collections in museums. He used the proceeds of his second novel, “King, Queen, Knave,” to finance an expedition to the Pyrenees, where he and his wife, Vera, netted over a hundred species. The rise of the Nazis drove Nabokov into exile once more in 1940, this time to the United States. It was there that Nabokov found his greatest fame as a novelist. It was also there that he delved deepest into the science of butterflies.
Nabokov spent much of the 1940s dissecting a confusing group of species called Polyommatus blues. He developed forward-thinking ways to classify the butterflies based on differences in their genitalia. He argued that what were thought to be closely related species were actually only distantly related.
A male blue butterfly of the genus Lycaeides. The study shows that the ancestors of this species colonized the New World from Asia through Beringia approximately 2.4 million years ago.
At the end of a 1945 paper on the group, he mused on how they had evolved. He speculated that they originated in Asia, moved over the Bering Strait, and moved south all the way to Chile.
Allowing himself a few literary flourishes, Nabokov invited his readers to imagine “a modern taxonomist straddling a Wellsian time machine.” Going back millions of years, he would end up at a time when only Asian forms of the butterflies existed. Then, moving forward again, the taxonomist would see five waves of butterflies arriving in the New World.
Nabokov conceded that the thought of butterflies making a trip from Siberia to Alaska and then all the way down into South America might sound far-fetched. But it made more sense to him than an unknown land bridge spanning the Pacific. “I find it easier to give a friendly little push to some of the forms and hang my distributional horseshoes on the nail of Nome rather than postulate transoceanic land-bridges in other parts of the world,” he wrote.
When “Lolita” made Nabokov a star in 1958, journalists were delighted to discover his hidden life as a butterfly expert. A famous photograph of Nabokov that appeared in The Saturday Evening Post when he was 66 is from a butterfly’s perspective. The looming Russian author swings a net with rapt concentration. But despite the fact that he was the best-known butterfly expert of his day and a Harvard museum curator, other lepidopterists considered Nabokov a dutiful but undistinguished researcher. He could describe details well, they granted, but did not produce scientifically important ideas.
Only in the 1990s did a team of scientists systematically review his work and recognize the strength of his classifications. Dr. Pierce, who became a Harvard biology professor and curator of lepidoptera in 1990, began looking closely at Nabokov’s work while preparing an exhibit to celebrate his 100th birthday in 1999. She was captivated by his idea of butterflies coming from Asia. “It was an amazing, bold hypothesis,” she said. “And I thought, ‘Oh, my God, we could test this.’ ”
The study took eight years and involved collecting samples from Canada to Patagonia. Roger Vila, one of the authors of the study, is shown prospecting in the Cajamarca region of Peru.
To do so, she would need to reconstruct the evolutionary tree of blues, and estimate when the branches split. It would have been impossible for Nabokov to do such a study on the anatomy of butterflies alone. Dr. Pierce would need their DNA, which could provide more detail about their evolutionary history.
Working with American and European lepidopterists, Dr. Pierce organized four separate expeditions into the Andes in search of blues. Back at her lab at Harvard, she and her colleagues sequenced the genes of the butterflies and used a computer to calculate the most likely relationships between them. They also compared the number of mutations each species had acquired to determine how long ago they had diverged from one another.
A greenish blue Icaricia saepiolus waiting for the sun on a dandelion. Its ancestors crossed from Asia to the Americas through Beringia nine million years ago.
There were several plausible hypotheses for how the butterflies might have evolved. They might have evolved in the Amazon, with the rising Andes fragmenting their populations. If that were true, the species would be closely related to one another.
The study confirms Vladimir Nabokov's biogeographic hypothesis for the colonization of the New World by Polyommatus butterflies. They crossed from Asia to the Americas through Beringia at least five times in the last 11 million years.
But that is not what Dr. Pierce found. Instead, she and her colleagues found that the New World species shared a common ancestor that lived about 10 million years ago. But many New World species were more closely related to Old World butterflies than to their neighbors. Dr. Pierce and her colleagues concluded that five waves of butterflies came from Asia to the New World — just as Nabokov had speculated.
“By God, he got every one right,” Dr. Pierce said. “I couldn’t get over it — I was blown away.”
Dr. Pierce and her colleagues also investigated Nabokov’s idea that the butterflies had come over the Bering Strait. The land surrounding the strait was relatively warm 10 million years ago, and has been chilling steadily ever since. Dr. Pierce and her colleagues found that the first lineage of Polyommatus blues that made the journey could survive a temperature range that matched the Bering climate of 10 million years ago. The lineages that came later are more cold-hardy, each with a temperature range matching the falling temperatures.
Nabokov’s taxonomic horseshoes turn out to belong in Nome after all.
"What a great paper," said James Mallet, an expert on butterfly evolution at University College London. "It's a fitting tribute to the great man to see that the most modern methods that technology can deliver now largely support his systematic arrangement."
A group of Polyommatus blue butterflies gathering in humid soil. The study shows that Beringia has served as a biological corridor for their dispersal from Asia into the New World, as is the case with other animals, including humans.
Dr. Pierce says she believes Nabokov would have been greatly pleased to be so vindicated, and points to one of his most famous poems, “On Discovering a Butterfly.” The 1943 poem begins:
By CARL ZIMMER
Published: January 25, 2011
A male Acmon blue butterfly (Icaricia acmon). Vladimir Nabokov described the Icaricia genus in 1944. In a speculative moment in 1945, he came up with a sweeping hypothesis for the evolution the group of butterflies known as the Polyommatus blues, and 65 years later, DNA analysis has proved it correct.
Vladimir Nabokov may be known to most people as the author of classic novels like “Lolita” and “Pale Fire.” But even as he was writing those books, Nabokov had a parallel existence as a self-taught expert on butterflies.He was the curator of lepidoptera at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, and collected the insects across the United States. He published detailed descriptions of hundreds of species. And in a speculative moment in 1945, he came up with a sweeping hypothesis for the evolution of the butterflies he studied, a group known as the Polyommatus blues. He envisioned them coming to the New World from Asia over millions of years in a series of waves.
Few professional lepidopterists took these ideas seriously during Nabokov’s lifetime. But in the years since his death in 1977, his scientific reputation has grown. And over the past 10 years, a team of scientists has been applying gene-sequencing technology to his hypothesis about how Polyommatus blues evolved. On Tuesday in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, they reported that Nabokov was absolutely right.
“It’s really quite a marvel,” said Naomi Pierce of Harvard, a co-author of the paper.
A male Andean blue butterfly (Madeleinea koa). A new study shows that the ancestors of this species colonized the New World from Asia via Beringia 11 million years ago.
Nabokov inherited his passion for butterflies from his parents. When his father was imprisoned by the Russian authorities for his political activities, the 8-year-old Vladimir brought a butterfly to his cell as a gift. As a teenager, Nabokov went on butterfly-hunting expeditions and carefully described the specimens he caught, imitating the scientific journals he read in his spare time. Had it not been for the Russian Revolution, which forced his family into exile in 1919, Nabokov said that he might have become a full-time lepidopterist.
In his European exile, Nabokov visited butterfly collections in museums. He used the proceeds of his second novel, “King, Queen, Knave,” to finance an expedition to the Pyrenees, where he and his wife, Vera, netted over a hundred species. The rise of the Nazis drove Nabokov into exile once more in 1940, this time to the United States. It was there that Nabokov found his greatest fame as a novelist. It was also there that he delved deepest into the science of butterflies.
Nabokov spent much of the 1940s dissecting a confusing group of species called Polyommatus blues. He developed forward-thinking ways to classify the butterflies based on differences in their genitalia. He argued that what were thought to be closely related species were actually only distantly related.
A male blue butterfly of the genus Lycaeides. The study shows that the ancestors of this species colonized the New World from Asia through Beringia approximately 2.4 million years ago.
At the end of a 1945 paper on the group, he mused on how they had evolved. He speculated that they originated in Asia, moved over the Bering Strait, and moved south all the way to Chile.
Allowing himself a few literary flourishes, Nabokov invited his readers to imagine “a modern taxonomist straddling a Wellsian time machine.” Going back millions of years, he would end up at a time when only Asian forms of the butterflies existed. Then, moving forward again, the taxonomist would see five waves of butterflies arriving in the New World.
Nabokov conceded that the thought of butterflies making a trip from Siberia to Alaska and then all the way down into South America might sound far-fetched. But it made more sense to him than an unknown land bridge spanning the Pacific. “I find it easier to give a friendly little push to some of the forms and hang my distributional horseshoes on the nail of Nome rather than postulate transoceanic land-bridges in other parts of the world,” he wrote.
When “Lolita” made Nabokov a star in 1958, journalists were delighted to discover his hidden life as a butterfly expert. A famous photograph of Nabokov that appeared in The Saturday Evening Post when he was 66 is from a butterfly’s perspective. The looming Russian author swings a net with rapt concentration. But despite the fact that he was the best-known butterfly expert of his day and a Harvard museum curator, other lepidopterists considered Nabokov a dutiful but undistinguished researcher. He could describe details well, they granted, but did not produce scientifically important ideas.
Only in the 1990s did a team of scientists systematically review his work and recognize the strength of his classifications. Dr. Pierce, who became a Harvard biology professor and curator of lepidoptera in 1990, began looking closely at Nabokov’s work while preparing an exhibit to celebrate his 100th birthday in 1999. She was captivated by his idea of butterflies coming from Asia. “It was an amazing, bold hypothesis,” she said. “And I thought, ‘Oh, my God, we could test this.’ ”
The study took eight years and involved collecting samples from Canada to Patagonia. Roger Vila, one of the authors of the study, is shown prospecting in the Cajamarca region of Peru.
To do so, she would need to reconstruct the evolutionary tree of blues, and estimate when the branches split. It would have been impossible for Nabokov to do such a study on the anatomy of butterflies alone. Dr. Pierce would need their DNA, which could provide more detail about their evolutionary history.
Working with American and European lepidopterists, Dr. Pierce organized four separate expeditions into the Andes in search of blues. Back at her lab at Harvard, she and her colleagues sequenced the genes of the butterflies and used a computer to calculate the most likely relationships between them. They also compared the number of mutations each species had acquired to determine how long ago they had diverged from one another.
A greenish blue Icaricia saepiolus waiting for the sun on a dandelion. Its ancestors crossed from Asia to the Americas through Beringia nine million years ago.
There were several plausible hypotheses for how the butterflies might have evolved. They might have evolved in the Amazon, with the rising Andes fragmenting their populations. If that were true, the species would be closely related to one another.
The study confirms Vladimir Nabokov's biogeographic hypothesis for the colonization of the New World by Polyommatus butterflies. They crossed from Asia to the Americas through Beringia at least five times in the last 11 million years.
But that is not what Dr. Pierce found. Instead, she and her colleagues found that the New World species shared a common ancestor that lived about 10 million years ago. But many New World species were more closely related to Old World butterflies than to their neighbors. Dr. Pierce and her colleagues concluded that five waves of butterflies came from Asia to the New World — just as Nabokov had speculated.
“By God, he got every one right,” Dr. Pierce said. “I couldn’t get over it — I was blown away.”
Dr. Pierce and her colleagues also investigated Nabokov’s idea that the butterflies had come over the Bering Strait. The land surrounding the strait was relatively warm 10 million years ago, and has been chilling steadily ever since. Dr. Pierce and her colleagues found that the first lineage of Polyommatus blues that made the journey could survive a temperature range that matched the Bering climate of 10 million years ago. The lineages that came later are more cold-hardy, each with a temperature range matching the falling temperatures.
Nabokov’s taxonomic horseshoes turn out to belong in Nome after all.
"What a great paper," said James Mallet, an expert on butterfly evolution at University College London. "It's a fitting tribute to the great man to see that the most modern methods that technology can deliver now largely support his systematic arrangement."
A group of Polyommatus blue butterflies gathering in humid soil. The study shows that Beringia has served as a biological corridor for their dispersal from Asia into the New World, as is the case with other animals, including humans.
Dr. Pierce says she believes Nabokov would have been greatly pleased to be so vindicated, and points to one of his most famous poems, “On Discovering a Butterfly.” The 1943 poem begins:
I found it and I named it, being versed“He felt that his scientific work was standing for all time, and that he was just a player in a much bigger enterprise,” said Dr. Pierce. “He was not known as a scientist, but this certainly indicates to me that he knew what it’s all about.”
in taxonomic Latin; thus became
godfather to an insect and its first
describer — and I want no other fame.
Tuesday, November 23, 2010
News: 飛越 1700 公里 青斑蝶一生夢幻之旅
【中國時報 2010/11/23 黃力勉、許素惠 綜合報導】
一隻今年十月在日本高知縣被捕捉標記的青斑蝶，隨著季風遠涉重洋飛越一千七百公里，四十天後在蘭嶼被日本籍生態專家櫻井廣二捕獲。國內學者讚歎說，斑蝶的生命往往只有一個半月，這隻青斑蝶等於用牠的一生完成了難以思議夢幻跨國之旅。
台北市立教育大學環境教育與資源研究所長陳建志指出，十三年前台日兩國開始針對青斑蝶標放交流，隨後台灣共捕捉到九次日本標放的斑蝶，其中四次在蘭嶼，但今年是第一次發現；日本也有四度捉到台灣標放青斑蝶紀錄。
陳建志表示，青斑蝶移動路線迄今還是個謎，不過合理的推測，青斑蝶會隨季風移動，當秋冬之際東北季風吹起，日本氣溫逐漸下降，青斑蝶隨著季風往南飛，春夏之際吹起溫暖的西南氣流，將台灣青斑蝶帶往日本。
連續三年到蘭嶼捕捉青斑蝶的櫻井廣二，廿日終於創下首次有日本專家，在台灣捕捉到日本青斑蝶的紀錄。
這隻青斑蝶上月十一日在日本高知縣標放，飛了四十天、一千七百公里，在蘭嶼現蹤。
圖 陳建志提供
青斑蝶的奇幻旅程 日本飛到蘭嶼
【聯合報 2010/11/23 記者李蕙君 台東縣報導】
一隻在日本高知縣標放的青斑蝶，乘風飛行一千七百公里，小小翅膀鼓動上千萬次，四十天後在台灣蘭嶼現蹤。如此大的移動尋獲率僅十萬分之一，令台日專家欣喜若狂。
台北市立教育大學環境教育與資源研究所所長陳建志的青斑蝶研究團隊，本月廿日在蘭嶼捕獲這隻十月十一日在日本標放的青斑蝶，這是從日本飛到台灣第九隻被發現的青斑蝶。追蹤標放的青斑蝶，對青斑蝶移動的理解，提供更多證據。
「牠們的越洋飛行可以說是一趟冒險旅程。」陳建志說，青斑蝶在飛行途中可能停在小島休息，靠島上蜜源生存，途中若遇到暴風雨，無法及時躲避，即可能喪生。
陳建志說，青斑蝶移動多為個體行動，目前還無確切資料可知飛行天數，只能從標記日計算；他曾發現從日本標放，七天後就在台灣現蹤的青斑蝶，「順著風飛，也有可能一天內就從九州來到台灣」。不過，飛這麼長距離，幾乎都已經是中老個體，甚至部分帶傷。
陳建志表示，每年六月春末夏初，台灣青斑蝶隨西南氣流飛至日本；日本青斑蝶則在十月中旬秋末冬初隨東北季風往台灣飛行。
他說，九年前在恆春半島發現第一隻日本標記青斑蝶，後來陸續在台北陽明山、宜蘭龜山島、桃園大溪、台北金山及蘭嶼發現，其中四隻在蘭嶼。
陳建志說，這次捕捉到近八十隻青斑蝶，僅一隻有標記，懷疑其他青斑蝶也來自日本。首次在台灣找到家鄉標記的青斑蝶，日本青斑蝶專家櫻井廣二欣喜若狂，直呼「如作夢般不敢置信」。
青斑蝶多次在蘭嶼出現，蘭嶼鄉長江多利視為觀光利多，他表示，蘭嶼冬季是觀光淡季，若能因青斑蝶吸引日本同好來島上旅遊，可促進蘭嶼觀光。
日本青斑蝶專家櫻井廣二看到來自自己國家的青斑蝶，欣喜若狂。
圖 陳建志提供
相關影音新聞: 日本飛1000公里 青斑蝶造訪蘭嶼 - 華視新聞網
一隻今年十月在日本高知縣被捕捉標記的青斑蝶，隨著季風遠涉重洋飛越一千七百公里，四十天後在蘭嶼被日本籍生態專家櫻井廣二捕獲。國內學者讚歎說，斑蝶的生命往往只有一個半月，這隻青斑蝶等於用牠的一生完成了難以思議夢幻跨國之旅。
台北市立教育大學環境教育與資源研究所長陳建志指出，十三年前台日兩國開始針對青斑蝶標放交流，隨後台灣共捕捉到九次日本標放的斑蝶，其中四次在蘭嶼，但今年是第一次發現；日本也有四度捉到台灣標放青斑蝶紀錄。
陳建志表示，青斑蝶移動路線迄今還是個謎，不過合理的推測，青斑蝶會隨季風移動，當秋冬之際東北季風吹起，日本氣溫逐漸下降，青斑蝶隨著季風往南飛，春夏之際吹起溫暖的西南氣流，將台灣青斑蝶帶往日本。
連續三年到蘭嶼捕捉青斑蝶的櫻井廣二，廿日終於創下首次有日本專家，在台灣捕捉到日本青斑蝶的紀錄。
這隻青斑蝶上月十一日在日本高知縣標放，飛了四十天、一千七百公里，在蘭嶼現蹤。
圖 陳建志提供
青斑蝶的奇幻旅程 日本飛到蘭嶼
【聯合報 2010/11/23 記者李蕙君 台東縣報導】
一隻在日本高知縣標放的青斑蝶，乘風飛行一千七百公里，小小翅膀鼓動上千萬次，四十天後在台灣蘭嶼現蹤。如此大的移動尋獲率僅十萬分之一，令台日專家欣喜若狂。
台北市立教育大學環境教育與資源研究所所長陳建志的青斑蝶研究團隊，本月廿日在蘭嶼捕獲這隻十月十一日在日本標放的青斑蝶，這是從日本飛到台灣第九隻被發現的青斑蝶。追蹤標放的青斑蝶，對青斑蝶移動的理解，提供更多證據。
「牠們的越洋飛行可以說是一趟冒險旅程。」陳建志說，青斑蝶在飛行途中可能停在小島休息，靠島上蜜源生存，途中若遇到暴風雨，無法及時躲避，即可能喪生。
陳建志說，青斑蝶移動多為個體行動，目前還無確切資料可知飛行天數，只能從標記日計算；他曾發現從日本標放，七天後就在台灣現蹤的青斑蝶，「順著風飛，也有可能一天內就從九州來到台灣」。不過，飛這麼長距離，幾乎都已經是中老個體，甚至部分帶傷。
陳建志表示，每年六月春末夏初，台灣青斑蝶隨西南氣流飛至日本；日本青斑蝶則在十月中旬秋末冬初隨東北季風往台灣飛行。
他說，九年前在恆春半島發現第一隻日本標記青斑蝶，後來陸續在台北陽明山、宜蘭龜山島、桃園大溪、台北金山及蘭嶼發現，其中四隻在蘭嶼。
陳建志說，這次捕捉到近八十隻青斑蝶，僅一隻有標記，懷疑其他青斑蝶也來自日本。首次在台灣找到家鄉標記的青斑蝶，日本青斑蝶專家櫻井廣二欣喜若狂，直呼「如作夢般不敢置信」。
青斑蝶多次在蘭嶼出現，蘭嶼鄉長江多利視為觀光利多，他表示，蘭嶼冬季是觀光淡季，若能因青斑蝶吸引日本同好來島上旅遊，可促進蘭嶼觀光。
日本青斑蝶專家櫻井廣二看到來自自己國家的青斑蝶，欣喜若狂。
圖 陳建志提供
相關影音新聞: 日本飛1000公里 青斑蝶造訪蘭嶼 - 華視新聞網
Thursday, November 18, 2010
Sunday, August 01, 2010
Saturday, July 31, 2010
Hotel: シタディーン 京都 烏丸五条
Citadines Kyoto Karasuma-Gojo
シタディーン京都 烏丸五条
〒600-8105
京都府京都市下京区五条通烏丸東入松屋町432
地鐵: 烏丸線 五条駅 1 號出口
[日本樂天]
檢視較大的地圖
シタディーン京都 烏丸五条
〒600-8105
京都府京都市下京区五条通烏丸東入松屋町432
地鐵: 烏丸線 五条駅 1 號出口
[日本樂天]
檢視較大的地圖
Tuesday, July 27, 2010
Hotel: ホテルブライトンシティ大阪北浜
Monday, July 26, 2010
Hotel: Daiwa Roynet Hotel Osaka-Uehonmachi 大阪上本町
Friday, July 23, 2010
The Economist: Corruption in Taiwan
The Economist: Corruption in Taiwan
Confirming the worst suspicions
The arrest of three senior judges sparks renewed debate over corruption
Jul 22nd 2010 | TAIPEI
RUMOURS of corruption among the judiciary have long flourished in Taiwan. Yet the news on July 14th that three high-court judges and a prosecutor
had been detained amid allegations that they took bribes to fix the outcome of a high-profile case, has brought public outrage to boiling point. On July 18th Taiwan’s highest-level judicial official, Lai In-jaw, who is in charge of the island’s supreme and lower courts chose to resign because of the outcry over the case. The government is hastily promising reforms.The case is Taiwan’s biggest judicial-corruption scandal in over a decade. It involves Ho Chih-hui, an ex-lawmaker with the ruling Kuomintang (now expelled from the party), who was convicted in 2006 by a lower court for taking kickbacks over the building of a science park. He was given a 19-year sentence. Following that, according to Taipei District Court documents, contacts of Mr Ho tried to bribe judges sitting in a higher court, in an attempt to buy his freedom. In May this year the judges did hand down a not-guilty verdict to Mr Ho, but on July 13th members of an anti-corruption task force stormed the homes and offices of the judges and prosecutor involved. The judicial officials could now each face a spell of ten years behind bars, if found guilty. Mr Ho is on the run.
For jaded Taiwanese observers the latest developments merely confirm long-held suspicions of graft in their insular and inscrutable judiciary. “The significance of this case is that it makes all the rumours a reality,” said Yang Tai-shuenn, a politics professor at Taipei’s Chinese Culture University. “It will push the government to do something.”
The country’s president, Ma Ying-jeou, promptly decided that he needed to be seen to act. On July 20th he announced the formation of a new commission to battle corruption and vote-buying. Its 200 staff will enjoy police powers of search and arrest. “I am determined, absolutely determined, to create a clean government,” Mr Ma said. “Every public servant must understand that ethical principles cannot be violated or trampled on. I will not stand for a minority of corrupt officials destroying the image of government.”
Such talk is welcome, but the commission has a hard task ahead. Some are optimistically drawing comparisons to Singapore’s Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau and Hong Kong’s Independent Commission Against Corruption. But, unlike those bodies, the Taiwanese commission will not report directly to the president, but only to the justice ministry, where tangled bureaucracy and civil servants who are deferential to their political bosses could limit action.
In any case, complains the opposition Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), and various experts, such a commission will be toothless as long as it is nearly impossible to sack bad judges and prosecutors. An act calling for such a mechanism has long been stalled in parliament.
Yet Mr Ma has good reasons to tackle the issue. He signed a partial free-trade agreement with China at the end of June, and is keen to attract more foreign investment. That will be harder if Taiwan is seen as soft on corruption. As important, voters are increasingly fed up with graft. Mr Ma was swept to office in 2008 after promising to make clean government his priority. Ahead of municipal elections at the end of this year, and then presidential ones in 2012, he needs to reassure the public that he is still serious about it.
Yet he has one big advantage over the opposition. The DPP is still struggling to distance itself from its imprisoned former president, Chen Shui-bian, who last year received a life sentence (since reduced to 20 years) for corruption.
Sunday, June 20, 2010
News: 人面蜘蛛結網 烏頭翁送上門
(自由時報 2010/06/20 記者花孟璟 花蓮報導 原始新聞連結)
花蓮縣光復鄉馬錫山下環山道路附近的柚子園裡，一隻倒楣的保育類烏頭翁一頭撞進人面蜘蛛所結的蜘蛛網內，蜘蛛感覺網子振動，衝過來用大毒牙一咬，把毒液注射到烏頭翁體內，接著迅速吐絲把烏頭翁層層裹起，只花了一分鐘烏頭翁就已經麻痺、雙腳抽動幾下就成為蜘蛛的俘虜。
前天傍晚五時許，記者在樹林拍攝八色鳥，撞見烏頭翁受困蜘蛛網「奇景」，大開眼界。到了傍晚六時，再到現場查看，發現烏頭翁「醒了」開始掙扎，人面蜘蛛則再度「補打針」，蜘蛛網內沾上烏頭翁掙扎的羽毛，真實的生態教學就在眼前上演。
光復鄉馬太鞍溼地教育學會解說員朱進豐說，昨天上午他到現場查看，人面蜘蛛的網子、烏頭翁都已經不見了。他指出，人面蜘蛛的網子很堅固，牠每天傍晚結一個網子，捕捉來往的飛蟲，隔天再把蜘蛛網吃掉，過去也曾有人觀察到人面蜘蛛捕食小型蝙蝠。
體形相差三、四倍 烏頭翁栽了
朱進豐說，烏頭翁算是中型體型的鳥，體長約十九公分，只侷限分布花蓮、台東及恆春等地，居然會被人面蜘蛛逮到十分罕見。
依台師大教授陳世煌《台灣常見蜘蛛圖鑑》，人面蜘蛛是台灣體型最大的蜘蛛，雌蛛體型可達五公分；這隻雌性人面蜘蛛在柚子園旁邊的構樹上，結了直徑一公尺的巨大圓形網，牠體型巨大，加上八隻腳全部張開，面積超過成人的手掌大，難怪能捕到比自己身形大三、四倍的獵物。
人面蜘蛛在構樹上結了巨大網子，還捕獲烏頭翁，蜘蛛對著不斷掙扎的烏頭翁吐絲、纏上蜘蛛網，不到30秒烏頭翁就已麻痺，蜘蛛好整以暇等待獵物消化。(記者花孟璟攝)
稍晚烏頭翁「醒了」，又開始掙扎，人面蜘蛛再度上前補咬一口。(記者花孟璟攝)
花蓮縣光復鄉馬錫山下環山道路附近的柚子園裡，一隻倒楣的保育類烏頭翁一頭撞進人面蜘蛛所結的蜘蛛網內，蜘蛛感覺網子振動，衝過來用大毒牙一咬，把毒液注射到烏頭翁體內，接著迅速吐絲把烏頭翁層層裹起，只花了一分鐘烏頭翁就已經麻痺、雙腳抽動幾下就成為蜘蛛的俘虜。
前天傍晚五時許，記者在樹林拍攝八色鳥，撞見烏頭翁受困蜘蛛網「奇景」，大開眼界。到了傍晚六時，再到現場查看，發現烏頭翁「醒了」開始掙扎，人面蜘蛛則再度「補打針」，蜘蛛網內沾上烏頭翁掙扎的羽毛，真實的生態教學就在眼前上演。
光復鄉馬太鞍溼地教育學會解說員朱進豐說，昨天上午他到現場查看，人面蜘蛛的網子、烏頭翁都已經不見了。他指出，人面蜘蛛的網子很堅固，牠每天傍晚結一個網子，捕捉來往的飛蟲，隔天再把蜘蛛網吃掉，過去也曾有人觀察到人面蜘蛛捕食小型蝙蝠。
體形相差三、四倍 烏頭翁栽了
朱進豐說，烏頭翁算是中型體型的鳥，體長約十九公分，只侷限分布花蓮、台東及恆春等地，居然會被人面蜘蛛逮到十分罕見。
依台師大教授陳世煌《台灣常見蜘蛛圖鑑》，人面蜘蛛是台灣體型最大的蜘蛛，雌蛛體型可達五公分；這隻雌性人面蜘蛛在柚子園旁邊的構樹上，結了直徑一公尺的巨大圓形網，牠體型巨大，加上八隻腳全部張開，面積超過成人的手掌大，難怪能捕到比自己身形大三、四倍的獵物。
人面蜘蛛在構樹上結了巨大網子，還捕獲烏頭翁，蜘蛛對著不斷掙扎的烏頭翁吐絲、纏上蜘蛛網，不到30秒烏頭翁就已麻痺，蜘蛛好整以暇等待獵物消化。(記者花孟璟攝)
稍晚烏頭翁「醒了」，又開始掙扎，人面蜘蛛再度上前補咬一口。(記者花孟璟攝)
Wednesday, June 09, 2010
陽明山蝴蝶季
又到了陽明山蝴蝶季的日子, 星期一下午跑了一趟大屯主峰,
沒想到竟然碰到大屯主峰永遠的男主角 - 阿信！
大家都很關心阿信, 為什麼今年青斑蝶標記逢十輪休一年?
原來阿信現在正在服替代役, 所以不能上山標記青斑蝶。
不過, 因為這兩天, 有遠從日本來的朋友, 來台灣看青斑蝶！
所以阿信請了半天假, 又出動了！
好巧, 剛好被我遇上。
底下是 11 年前寫的舊文章, 剛剛從硬碟中找出來... 這篇文章其中一段還被陽明山國家公園網站整段抄去呢！
青斑蝶 Parantica sita niphonica Moore
青斑蝶類的蝴蝶，都是因為其黑褐色的翅上，有因明顯的淡青色斑紋而得名。
青斑蝶幼蟲的食草為台灣牛嬭菜、牛皮消、歐蔓。不過在野外，尚未觀察過青斑蝶將卵產在歐蔓上，原因可能是歐蔓競爭太多的緣故。
陽明山國家公園大屯山頂生長了許多島田氏澤蘭（Eupatorium shimadai Hay.）。島田氏澤蘭為台灣特有種，是標準的中海拔岩生植物。花期從五月到七月，每年的這個時候都有數萬隻青斑蝶、小青斑蝶的雄蝶前來大屯山頂訪花吸蜜，蔚為奇觀。
島田氏澤蘭花蜜中含有一群統稱為 pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) 的植物鹼，青斑蝶吸食花蜜，除了獲得能量，同時也會吸取這些和能量無關的植物次級代謝物質，這些植物鹼為合成性費洛蒙的重要成份，青斑蝶的這種食性被稱為嗜植物鹼性（Pharmacophagy）。當陽明山國家公園的島田氏澤蘭開花時，幾乎無法在其他植物上看到牠們，所以此時也正是觀賞青斑蝶的絕佳時機。
台灣與日本的青斑蝶屬於同一個亞種 (P. sita niphonica )。在日本境內的青斑蝶有隨季節遷移的現象，春、夏初時由南向北；秋季時由北往南，自山區向平地移動。南下的紀錄，最遠可到達八重山群島的与那國島，僅距離宜蘭百餘公里。台灣的青斑蝶族群是否可能與日本一樣，具有這種長距離的遷移現象，是一個還沒經過驗證的疑問。
為了解開台灣青斑蝶的遷移之謎，台灣大學昆蟲研究室的阿信，從1999年起，每年島田氏澤蘭盛開時期，從天色初明到正午時分，都會在大屯山頂標記青斑蝶，期能藉著標識再補法，追蹤青斑蝶的遷移路線。
2000年夏天，兩隻經阿信親手標記的青斑蝶，飛越重洋，分別在日本九州的海港－鹿兒島(Kagoshima) 與京都附近的滋賀縣 (Shiga Prefecture)被再捕獲，首度證實台灣蝴蝶當真會隨氣流飛翔到遙遠的日本，堪稱是亞洲蝴蝶研究史上的重大發現！
《 033I YMS 》 這是表示 2001年第 I 工作天所標記的編號第 033 號青斑蝶。
《 NTU 》表示台灣大學昆蟲研究室。
06/11/2001 當天大屯山頂雖然艷陽高照，但是風勢過強，所以青斑蝶僅僅標示了 123 隻。
沒想到竟然碰到大屯主峰永遠的男主角 - 阿信！
大家都很關心阿信, 為什麼今年青斑蝶標記逢十輪休一年?
原來阿信現在正在服替代役, 所以不能上山標記青斑蝶。
不過, 因為這兩天, 有遠從日本來的朋友, 來台灣看青斑蝶！
所以阿信請了半天假, 又出動了！
好巧, 剛好被我遇上。
底下是 11 年前寫的舊文章, 剛剛從硬碟中找出來... 這篇文章其中一段還被陽明山國家公園網站整段抄去呢！
青斑蝶 Parantica sita niphonica Moore
青斑蝶類的蝴蝶，都是因為其黑褐色的翅上，有因明顯的淡青色斑紋而得名。
青斑蝶幼蟲的食草為台灣牛嬭菜、牛皮消、歐蔓。不過在野外，尚未觀察過青斑蝶將卵產在歐蔓上，原因可能是歐蔓競爭太多的緣故。
陽明山國家公園大屯山頂生長了許多島田氏澤蘭（Eupatorium shimadai Hay.）。島田氏澤蘭為台灣特有種，是標準的中海拔岩生植物。花期從五月到七月，每年的這個時候都有數萬隻青斑蝶、小青斑蝶的雄蝶前來大屯山頂訪花吸蜜，蔚為奇觀。
島田氏澤蘭花蜜中含有一群統稱為 pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) 的植物鹼，青斑蝶吸食花蜜，除了獲得能量，同時也會吸取這些和能量無關的植物次級代謝物質，這些植物鹼為合成性費洛蒙的重要成份，青斑蝶的這種食性被稱為嗜植物鹼性（Pharmacophagy）。當陽明山國家公園的島田氏澤蘭開花時，幾乎無法在其他植物上看到牠們，所以此時也正是觀賞青斑蝶的絕佳時機。
台灣與日本的青斑蝶屬於同一個亞種 (P. sita niphonica )。在日本境內的青斑蝶有隨季節遷移的現象，春、夏初時由南向北；秋季時由北往南，自山區向平地移動。南下的紀錄，最遠可到達八重山群島的与那國島，僅距離宜蘭百餘公里。台灣的青斑蝶族群是否可能與日本一樣，具有這種長距離的遷移現象，是一個還沒經過驗證的疑問。
為了解開台灣青斑蝶的遷移之謎，台灣大學昆蟲研究室的阿信，從1999年起，每年島田氏澤蘭盛開時期，從天色初明到正午時分，都會在大屯山頂標記青斑蝶，期能藉著標識再補法，追蹤青斑蝶的遷移路線。
2000年夏天，兩隻經阿信親手標記的青斑蝶，飛越重洋，分別在日本九州的海港－鹿兒島(Kagoshima) 與京都附近的滋賀縣 (Shiga Prefecture)被再捕獲，首度證實台灣蝴蝶當真會隨氣流飛翔到遙遠的日本，堪稱是亞洲蝴蝶研究史上的重大發現！
《 033I YMS 》 這是表示 2001年第 I 工作天所標記的編號第 033 號青斑蝶。
《 NTU 》表示台灣大學昆蟲研究室。
06/11/2001 當天大屯山頂雖然艷陽高照，但是風勢過強，所以青斑蝶僅僅標示了 123 隻。
開始閱讀中醫學概論第三篇診斷
上星期六(2010/06/05)上午把 中醫學概論 的第八章 病因 閱讀完了,
因此從這週起, 要開始閱讀第三篇 診斷 了。
診斷是醫學上從理論到臨床的一個重要的環節, 書中提到 黃帝內經素問疏五過論篇第七十七 中的一段精彩經文, 說明了一個醫生所應該具備的各種知識。經文如下:
聖人之治病也, 必知天地陰陽, 四時經紀, 五臟六腑, 雌雄表裏, 刺灸砭石, 毒藥所主, 從容人事, 以明經道, 貴賤貧富, 各異品理, 問年少長, 勇懼之理, 審於分部, 知病本始, 八正九候, 診必副矣。看來, 這確實是學習一輩子都學習不完的一個領域呀!
Sunday, May 30, 2010
回歸歷史的原貌就好!
大家要多讀歷史, 了解歷史, 接受歷史!
[李筱峰專欄] 流亡政權與台灣地位
(自由電子報 2010/05/30 自由廣場言論 轉貼原址)
民進黨主席蔡英文一句「中華民國是流亡政府」，引來藍營和統媒一陣鬼哭狼嚎。然則，蔡英文說錯了嗎？
請回到六十一年前的歷史場景：一九四九年一月十九日，正當南京的國民黨政權面臨共產革命而搖搖欲墜之際，盟軍統帥麥克阿瑟表示：「台灣現在還不是中國正式的領土，因此南京垮台後，中共不能進入台灣，美國將協助台灣人獨立，並將提交聯合國決定。」（見1.19香港大公報東京航訊）。同時美國也警告國民黨，「盟軍總部對台灣仍有任務，故南京可遷都廣州，不能遷台灣」（1.19.路透社南京電）。
就在這一年，國民黨的中華民國政府開始敗走，果然先退到廣州，繼而北走重慶，最後才不得已於十二月逃入台灣。
台灣原本不屬中華民國，不信可看中華民國憲法前身《五五憲草》（1936.5.5）所列的中華民國「固有疆域」，並不包括台灣。終戰後的台灣，只是由國府軍隊代表盟軍進行的暫時軍事接管地，而非中華民國正式領土。這個事實，可以從一九四五年十月廿五日在中山堂的受降典禮台上掛出的中、美、英、蘇四國國旗及四國領袖肖像看出（表示不是中華民國單獨受降）。台灣的地位有待盟國與日本簽訂和約決定領土的轉承才能確定。無怪乎，蔣介石在一九四九年初會給陳誠如此批示：「台灣在對日和約未成立前，不過是我國一託管地帶性質」（一月十二日、十三日陳誠日記）。
偏偏對日和約來不及簽訂而中華民國卻在大陸上結束！國民黨政權頂著「中華民國」的名號，敗逃到地位尚未確定的台灣。美國原擬放棄這個腐敗的政權，卻因翌年韓戰爆發（1950.6.25），而重新考慮支持退到台灣的國民黨政權以對抗共產世界。為了防止中共入主台灣，杜魯門總統重申台灣地位未定的主張─「台灣將來的地位，必須等待太平洋安全恢復、對日和約的締結、或聯合國的考慮」。
對日和約終於在一九五一年於舊金山簽訂，翌年又簽台北和約。後者是彌補前者（沒有中華民國代表參加）之不足。但兩約皆只要求日本放棄台澎，而不言明台澎領土的歸屬。無怪乎一九五四年美蔣簽訂共同防禦條約之前，美國總統艾森豪與國務卿杜勒斯又重申：「台澎的法律地位絕非中國的一部分」、「作為對日本的主要戰勝國，美國對於日本以前佔領的這些島嶼（指台澎）應擁有發言權。」
確定台灣不屬中國之後，一九四九年底中華民國政府敗退來台就是如假包換的「流亡」（而非「遷都」）。這次的流亡，可以用蔣介石的話來說明：「我們的中華民國到去年終就隨大陸淪陷而已滅亡了，我們今天都已成了亡國之民」（1950.3.13 ＜復職的使命與目的＞演講詞），既然已經亡國，離開其已經滅亡的國土，不是流亡是什麼？
國民黨政權於一九四九年底流亡到台灣，是舉世皆知的常識。世界上所有敘述這個事實的英語著作，如果不是用exile就是用escape來形容。這不是流亡、逃亡之意嗎？試看最具權威的大英百科全書（Britannica encyclopedia）如何介紹蔣介石，原文如下：「soldier and statesman, head of the Nationalist government in China from 1928 to 1949, and subsequently head of the Chinese Nationalist government in exile on Taiwan」後面一句講得夠明白，蔣介石是「流亡在台灣之中華民國的領袖」。
流亡來台沒有關係，如何落地生根本土化才重要。若一味否認歷史常識，不僅無知，而且無恥！
（作者李筱峰現任國立台北教育大學台灣文化研究所教授 http://www.jimlee.org.tw）
中華民國流亡台灣 60 年暨戰後台灣國際處境
作者: 台灣教授協會 / 編著
出版社: 前衛
出版日期: 2010 年 04 月 01 日
ISBN：9789578016415
[李筱峰專欄] 流亡政權與台灣地位
(自由電子報 2010/05/30 自由廣場言論 轉貼原址)
民進黨主席蔡英文一句「中華民國是流亡政府」，引來藍營和統媒一陣鬼哭狼嚎。然則，蔡英文說錯了嗎？
請回到六十一年前的歷史場景：一九四九年一月十九日，正當南京的國民黨政權面臨共產革命而搖搖欲墜之際，盟軍統帥麥克阿瑟表示：「台灣現在還不是中國正式的領土，因此南京垮台後，中共不能進入台灣，美國將協助台灣人獨立，並將提交聯合國決定。」（見1.19香港大公報東京航訊）。同時美國也警告國民黨，「盟軍總部對台灣仍有任務，故南京可遷都廣州，不能遷台灣」（1.19.路透社南京電）。
就在這一年，國民黨的中華民國政府開始敗走，果然先退到廣州，繼而北走重慶，最後才不得已於十二月逃入台灣。
台灣原本不屬中華民國，不信可看中華民國憲法前身《五五憲草》（1936.5.5）所列的中華民國「固有疆域」，並不包括台灣。終戰後的台灣，只是由國府軍隊代表盟軍進行的暫時軍事接管地，而非中華民國正式領土。這個事實，可以從一九四五年十月廿五日在中山堂的受降典禮台上掛出的中、美、英、蘇四國國旗及四國領袖肖像看出（表示不是中華民國單獨受降）。台灣的地位有待盟國與日本簽訂和約決定領土的轉承才能確定。無怪乎，蔣介石在一九四九年初會給陳誠如此批示：「台灣在對日和約未成立前，不過是我國一託管地帶性質」（一月十二日、十三日陳誠日記）。偏偏對日和約來不及簽訂而中華民國卻在大陸上結束！國民黨政權頂著「中華民國」的名號，敗逃到地位尚未確定的台灣。美國原擬放棄這個腐敗的政權，卻因翌年韓戰爆發（1950.6.25），而重新考慮支持退到台灣的國民黨政權以對抗共產世界。為了防止中共入主台灣，杜魯門總統重申台灣地位未定的主張─「台灣將來的地位，必須等待太平洋安全恢復、對日和約的締結、或聯合國的考慮」。
對日和約終於在一九五一年於舊金山簽訂，翌年又簽台北和約。後者是彌補前者（沒有中華民國代表參加）之不足。但兩約皆只要求日本放棄台澎，而不言明台澎領土的歸屬。無怪乎一九五四年美蔣簽訂共同防禦條約之前，美國總統艾森豪與國務卿杜勒斯又重申：「台澎的法律地位絕非中國的一部分」、「作為對日本的主要戰勝國，美國對於日本以前佔領的這些島嶼（指台澎）應擁有發言權。」
確定台灣不屬中國之後，一九四九年底中華民國政府敗退來台就是如假包換的「流亡」（而非「遷都」）。這次的流亡，可以用蔣介石的話來說明：「我們的中華民國到去年終就隨大陸淪陷而已滅亡了，我們今天都已成了亡國之民」（1950.3.13 ＜復職的使命與目的＞演講詞），既然已經亡國，離開其已經滅亡的國土，不是流亡是什麼？
國民黨政權於一九四九年底流亡到台灣，是舉世皆知的常識。世界上所有敘述這個事實的英語著作，如果不是用exile就是用escape來形容。這不是流亡、逃亡之意嗎？試看最具權威的大英百科全書（Britannica encyclopedia）如何介紹蔣介石，原文如下：「soldier and statesman, head of the Nationalist government in China from 1928 to 1949, and subsequently head of the Chinese Nationalist government in exile on Taiwan」後面一句講得夠明白，蔣介石是「流亡在台灣之中華民國的領袖」。
流亡來台沒有關係，如何落地生根本土化才重要。若一味否認歷史常識，不僅無知，而且無恥！
（作者李筱峰現任國立台北教育大學台灣文化研究所教授 http://www.jimlee.org.tw）
中華民國流亡台灣 60 年暨戰後台灣國際處境
作者: 台灣教授協會 / 編著
出版社: 前衛
出版日期: 2010 年 04 月 01 日
ISBN：9789578016415
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